ASTM F3027-24
(Guide)Standard Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
Standard Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain.
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.
4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.
4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations.
4.3.1 A Mountain Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment.
4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.
1.6 A Mountain Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.
1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3027 − 24
Standard Guide for
Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain
1
(Mountain Endorsement)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous
terrain.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and
found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a
Rescue Resources
negative impact on human physiology.
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under
F2752 Guide for Training for Basic Rope Rescuer Endorse-
qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
ment
effectively in mountainous terrain.
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
(PTB)
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to
F3222 Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Res-
indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or
cue Standards and Guides
abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and
3
2.2 NWCG Publication:
rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.
PMS 304-2 Fitness and Work Capacity
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training
requirements for performing operations in partially or fully
3. Terminology
collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces,
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, see Termi-
underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an
nology F3222, Classification F1993, and Guides F2209 and
alpine environment.
F2752.
1.6 A Mountain Endorsed individual may be a member of a
Mountainous Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as 4. Significance and Use
defined in Classification F1993.
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training
1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous
qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority terrain.
Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). 4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have,
at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mountainous terrain.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shall meet the requirements of this guide.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
the prefix “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Training and Education. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F3027 – 18. DOI: Available from National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) at
10.1520/F3027-24. www.nwcg.gov/publications/304-2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3027 − 24
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, 5.2.1 The differences between wilderness travel and moun-
skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in moun- tain travel;
tainous terr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3027 − 18 F3027 − 24
Standard Guide for
Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain
1
(Mountain Endorsement)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue
personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in
mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.3 Specifically, Mountain-Endorsed Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal
duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to
perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed
structures, in- or on-water, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine
environment.
1.6 A Mountain-Endorsed Mountain Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous Land Search Team or Task Force
or Group, as defined in GuideClassification F1993.
1.7 Mountain-Endorsed Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,
Training and Education.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018April 1, 2024. Published December 2018April 2024. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
F3027F3027 – 18.–13. DOI: 10.1520/F3027-18.10.1520/F3027-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3027 − 24
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering, Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices (Withdrawn 2024)
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
F2752 Guide for Training for Basic Rope Rescuer Endorsement
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book (PTB)
F3222 Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides
3
2.2 Other References:NWCG Publication:
National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) publication PMS 304-2,PMS 304-2 “FitnessFitness and Work Capacity”Ca-
pacity
“Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills,” 8th ed., Ronald C. Eng and Julie Van Pelt, eds.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alpine ice axe, n—as defined by the UIAA (Union Internationale Des Associations D’Alpinisme), a Type B ice tool (the
UIAA Basic type) with lower strength, for use in general circumstances, as on glacier for snow hiking, for ski mountaineering, etc.,
and which meets the requirements of UIAA 152 or CE EN 13089:2011.
3.1 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see Terminology F1773, Terminology F3222, and Guides Classification
F1993, and Guides F2209, and F2752.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous t
...
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